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KMID : 0984920140160010019
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Journal of Skin Barrier Research
2014 Volume.16 No. 1 p.19 ~ p.27
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Protein and Skin Barrier
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Lee Ga-Young
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Abstract
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The skin provides an effective barrier between the body and the environment, preventing theinvasion of pathogens and fending off chemical and physical assaults, as well as minimizing water loss of water from the body inside. Of all skin’s many functions, the permeability barrier to the loss of body water is the most important task. Skin generates its permeability barrier in the outermost, anucleated layers of epidermis, the stratum corneum. The physical barrier localized primarily in the stratum corneum (SC) and consists of protein-enriched cells (corneocytes with cornified envelope (CE) and cytoskeletal elements, as well as corneodesmosomes) and lipid-enriched intercellular domains. The nucleated epidermis, with its tight, gap and adherens junctions, additional desmosomes and cytoskeletal elements, also contributes to the barrier. Lipids are synthesized in the keratinocytes during epidermal differentiation and are then extruded into the extracellular domains, where they form lipid-enriched extracellular layers. The cornified cell envelope, a robust protein/lipid polymer structure, is located below the cytoplasmic membrane on the exterior of the corneocytes. Ceramides A and B, forming the backbone for the subsequent addition of free ceramides, free fatty acids and cholesterol in the SC, are covalently bound to cornified envelope proteins. Filaggrin is cross-linked to the cornified envelope and aggregates keratin filaments into macrofibrils. This review focuses on structural and functional proteins of the epidermis of skin.
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KEYWORD
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Cornified cell envelope, Desmosome, Fillagrin, Skin barrier, Tight junction
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